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1 ὀφλισκάνω
Aὠφλίσκανον D.30.2
: [tense] fut. (lyr.), E.Hec. 327, Ar. Pax 172, Pl. Phd. 117a: [tense] pf.ὤφληκα Ar.Nu.34
, etc.; Arc. part. dat. pl.Ϝοφληκόσι IG5(2).262.18
(Mantinea, v B. C.), and [ per.] 3pl. Ϝοφλέασι prob. in ib.1: [tense] aor.ὤφλησα Lys.13.65
codd. ( ὦφλεν Sauppe), Aristid.2.143 J., Sopat. in Rh.8.243 W., ([etym.] προς-) Alciphr.3.26; in correct writers the [tense] aor. is ὦφλον, Hdt.8.26, And.1.73, etc.; inf.ὀφλεῖν Th.5.101
, etc.; part.ὀφλών IG12.6.31
, Th.3.70, etc.: sts. wrongly written ὄφλειν, ὄφλων, as if there were an [dialect] Att. [tense] pres. [full] ὄφλω; but this [tense] pres., though quoted by Hdn. Gr.1.448, occurs only in late writers as D.Chr.31.143, 153(f.l.): [full] ὀφλέω is a still more doubtful form; for in Hsch. ὀφλεῖ shd. be corrected ὄφλει; ὤφλεε in Hdt.8.26 is an error for ὦφλε (which is given by some codd.): [tense] pres. [full] ὀφλίσκω is cited by Suid.; [full] ὀφλάνω by Phot. and Hsch.; and [ per.] 3sg. [tense] fut. ὀφλανεῖ from Sol. by Sch.Gen.Il.21.282. (From same root as ὀφείλω, q. v.; origin doubtful: ὀφλισκάνω and ὀφλήσω may be recent formations from ὦφλον, ὤφληκα.):— become a debtor, prop. of one condemned to pay a fine, become liable to pay, , etc.;χρήματα Lys.20.14
;πέντε τάλαντα Ar. Pax 172
;χιλίας δραχμάς Pl.Ap. 36a
;τὸ μείωμα εἴκοσι μνᾶς X.An.5.8.1
;τὴν ἐπωβελίαν Isoc.18.12
.2 δίκην ὀφλεῖν to be cast in a suit, lose one's cause,δίκας ὤφληκα Ar.Nu.34
, cf. Av. 1457; ; ὀφλεῖν δίαιταν to lose in an arbitration, Is.12.12 (prob. cj. for ὤφειλον codd.), D.29.58, etc.; ἐρήμην ὀ. τὴν δίκην to let judgement go against one by default, Antipho 5.13;ἐξούλας ἢ γραφὰς ἢ ἐπιβολάς And.1.73
;κλοπῆς ἕνεκα τὰς εὐθύνας ὀ. Aeschin.3.10
.3 abs., to be cast, to be the losing party,μέλλων ὀφλήσειν Ar.Nu. 777
;κᾆτ' ὀφλὼν ἀπέρχεται Id.Ach. 689
, cf. Th.3.70, Pl.Lg. 745a, PHal.1.200 (iii B. C.); ὀφλεῖν τῷ δημοσίῳ ἐπί τινι for an offence, D.39.14.4 c. gen. criminis, : withoutδίκην, ὠφληκὼς φόνου Pl.Lg. 874b
; ὀ. τραύματος ἐκ προνοίας ib. 877c; (s.v.l.); ὀ. κλοπῆς, δώρων, And.1.74; ἀστρατείας, ἀποστασίου, D.24.103, 25.65; butalsob c. gen. poenae, θανάτου δίκην ὀ. Pl.Ap. 39b, Lg. 856d.c c. inf.,ὦφλεν δύο τριήρεις καινὰς ἀποδοῦναι IG22.1623.149
.d c. part., .II generally, of anything which one deserves or brings on oneself, αἰσχύνην, βλάβην ὀ., incur them, E.Hel.67, Andr. 188; ὀ. γέλωτα to be laughed at, Id.Med. 404, Ar.Nu. 1035; τινι by one, E.Ba. 854; παρά τινι, πρός τινα, Pl. Phd. 117a, Hp.Ma. 282a.2 δειλίαν ὀ. incur a charge of cowardice, get a character for cowardice, δειλίην ὦφλε (v.l. ὤφλεε) πρὸς βασιλέος he drew upon himself the reproach of cowardice from the king, Hdt.8.26, cf. E.Heracl. 985;μώρῳ μωρίαν ὀφλισκάνω S.Ant. 470
, cf. E.Med. 1227, etc.; αὐθαδία τοι σκαιότητ' ὀ. S.Ant. 1028; (lyr.);ἀμαθίαν ὀφλήσομεν E.Hec. 327
, cf. Ion 443;μοχθηρίαν καὶ ἀδικίαν Pl.Ap. 39b
;ἄνοιαν D.1.26
;αἰσχύνην Id.2.3
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀφλισκάνω
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2 κάρᾱ
κάρᾱGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `head' (trag., Cratin., Eup.),Other forms: κάρη (ep.)Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-ra-a-pi instr. pl. \/karāatphi\/Derivatives: As 1. member in καρᾱ-τομέω `behead' (E., J.) with καράτομος `beheaded' (S., E.), seeming basis καρατόμος `beheading' (Lyc.), cf. on δειροτομέω s. δέρη; καρηβαρέω (- άω) `feel heavy in the head, be sleepy, have headache' with καρηβαρία, - ίη etc. (Hp., Arist.); from there Lat. caribaria \> Fr. charivari, W.-Hofmann 1, 854; on καραδοκέω s. v. Cf. κράσπεδον, κρησφύγετον, κρήδεμνον. - Other forms: A. recent analogical formations to κάρᾱ, κάρη: dat. τῳ̃ κάρᾳ (A., S.), κάρῃ (Thgn.); κάρης, - ην (Call., Nic.), κάρᾱν (Anacreont.). B. Older disyll. forms: ep. καρή-ατος, - ατι, pl. - ατα; also κάρη-τος, - τι; to καρήατα new nom. sg. κάρηαρ (Antim.). C. monosyll. forms: κρά̄-ατος, - ατι, pl. - ατα; usual. (also trag.) κρᾱτός, - τί, pl. κρᾶ-τα (Pi. Fr. 8); further isolated forms: κράτεσφι (Κ 156; prob. sg.), κρά̄των (χ 309), κρᾱσίν (Κ 152), κρᾶτας (E.); κρᾶτα as acc. sg. (θ 92, trag.), as nom. sg. (S. Ph. 1457); new nom. sg. κράς (Simm. 4). D. κάρᾰ (antevoc.) as nom. pl. (h. Cer. 12), κάρᾱ pl.? (Sannyr. 3). On κάρηνα s. v.; and s. below.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [574] *ḱrh₂-(e)s-n- `head'Etymology: From the oblique forms of the Skt. word for `head', e. g. gen. sg. śīrṣṇ-ás with the adverbial ablativ śīrṣa-tás (a \< n̥), which represent a with n enlarged monosyll. zero grade (śīrṣ-n- \< *ḱr̥h₂-s-n-) from the disyll. nom.-acc. śíras- (Av. sarah-, \< *ḱr̥h₂-os), it appears that κρά̄ατος represents an original *κρά̄σα-τος \< (ḱr̥h₂s-n̥tos); through contraction this gave κρᾱτός (acc. to Zenodot. κρητός). The antevocalic form κρᾱσν- lives on in κρᾱν-ίον (s. v.). The explanation of the Greek disyll. forms has to start from plur. κάρηνα \< *καρασν-α (\< *ḱrh₂-es-n-), to which the singular forms καρήατος, - ατι were made from *καρασα-τος, - τι (with metr. lengthening and η for ᾱ after κάρηνα), if not innovated to κάρη. This form may go back to an analogical *κάρασ-α (like ὄνομα); to κάρη were made κάρη-τος, - τι. - Beside these old σ-stem there are isolated σ-less forms: ἐπὶ κάρ `on its head', ἔγ-καρ-ος, ἴγκρος ἐγκέφαλος and κατὰ ( ἀπὸ) κρῆ-θεν `from the head down' (Hom., Hes.), κρή-δεμνον `head-band'. The explanation is discussed: κατὰ κρῆθεν (from where ἀπὸ κρῆθεν) may stand for κατ' ἄκρηθεν (s. esp. Leumann Hom. Wörter 56ff., but this seems unncessary); ἔγκαρος has been taken as learned innovation to κάρη after κεφαλή: ἐγκέφαλος; on κρήδεμνον s. s. v. An σ-less κάρ is supported by Arm. sar `hight, top' (idg. *ḱr̥h₂r-o-). Very extensive treatment by A.J. Nussbaum, Head and Horn 1986 (rev. Beekes, Kratylos 34 (989)55-59). - S. Schwyzer 583 (diff. on κάρη; Pok. 574f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 230f., 242, Leumann Hom. Wörter 159, Egli Heteroklisie 31f., 87ff. - Cf. further 1. καρόω, καρώ, καρωτόν; κέρας, κράνος, κριός.Page in Frisk: 1,784-785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάρᾱ
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